Computer safety

Internet Safety

1. Be Cautious with Files and Links

• Never Open Suspicious Files: Always assume any file could be malicious, even from known contacts. Cybercriminals use hacked accounts to spread malware. Avoid downloading attachments or clicking on links unless verified.
• Beware of Unknown Links: Phishing attacks and malicious websites can look legitimate. Never click on links from unknown emails, messages, or pop-ups. Hover over links to verify authenticity before clicking.

2. Keep Security Software and Systems Updated

• Use Up-to-Date Antivirus & Anti-Malware Software: Ensure automatic updates are enabled for antivirus, anti-spyware, and firewalls. Regularly scan your system for threats.
• Update Your Operating System & Software: Enable automatic updates for Windows, macOS, Linux, and applications. Cybercriminals exploit outdated software vulnerabilities.
• Restrict Administrative Privileges: Employees should only have access permissions necessary for their job. Limiting software installation and internet access reduces malware risks.

3. Protect Personal and Financial Information

• Treat Your Personal Information Like Cash: Never share Social Security numbers, banking details, or sensitive information unless absolutely necessary. Scammers impersonate trusted organizations to steal data.
• Give Personal Information Over Encrypted Websites Only: Always look for https:// in the URL when entering sensitive information. Unencrypted websites put your data at risk.
• Be Skeptical of Online Offers: Research companies before making purchases. Look for reviews and complaints to avoid scams.

4. Strengthen Password Security

• Create Strong Passwords: Use at least 12 characters with a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols. Avoid common words and personal details.
• Use Unique Passwords for Each Account: If one password is compromised, it won’t put other accounts at risk.
• Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): MFA adds an extra layer of security beyond just a password.
• Store Passwords Securely: Use a password manager instead of writing them down or reusing them.

5. Recognize and Avoid Spam & Phishing

• Don't Let Your Computer Become Part of a "BotNet": Cybercriminals take over unprotected computers to send spam, steal data, or launch attacks.
• Beware of Fake Security Alerts: Never trust pop-up warnings claiming your computer is infected. These scams trick you into downloading malware or giving away login credentials.

6. Secure Your Web Browsing

• Use a Secure, Updated Browser: Google Chrome, Firefox, and Edge update automatically. Ensure updates are enabled for security patches.
• Remove Unneeded Plug-ins & Extensions: Extensions can be exploited to steal data. Uninstall anything unnecessary.
• Enable Click-to-Play Plugins: This prevents autoplaying Flash and Java content, reducing attack risks.
• Avoid Typosquatting Scams: Cybercriminals create fake websites with slight misspellings of popular domains (e.g., "goggle.com" instead of "google.com"). Always verify URLs before entering information.

7. Back Up Your Data

• Regularly Back Up Important Files: Use an external hard drive or cloud storage. Ransomware attacks and system failures can wipe data.

8. Common Misconceptions About Security

• Myth: I don’t do anything important online, so I don’t need to be careful.
  Truth: Hackers target all users, even just for using your device as part of an attack network (botnet).
• Myth: I have antivirus, so I’m fully protected.
  Truth: Antivirus helps but doesn’t stop brand-new threats or social engineering scams. A combination of antivirus, MFA, and awareness is needed.
• Myth: Macs and mobile devices don’t get malware.
  Truth: iOS, Android, and macOS can be infected by malware, phishing, and spyware. Mobile banking and shopping make smartphones a prime target.
• Myth: If my computer is infected, I’ll know.
  Truth: Many malware programs work silently in the background, stealing data or logging keystrokes without obvious signs.
• Myth: Windows is inherently insecure.
  Truth: Since Windows 7, Microsoft has significantly improved security. However, many users fail to update their systems, leaving them vulnerable.
• Myth: You don’t need security software.
  Truth: Cybercriminals constantly evolve their methods. Security software helps, but human awareness is critical to preventing attacks.

Final Takeaway

Cybersecurity isn’t just about having antivirus software—it’s about awareness, habits, and preventive measures. Stay updated, stay skeptical, and stay secure.